Acid leaching of manganese oxide with hydrochloric acid and willow bark using design expert method

Naseri, Meysam; Baqaeifar, Mohammad; Hajilou, Mona; Mehdilo, Akbar; Irannajad, Mehdi

doi:10.22111/jesm.2025.51983.1023

Acid leaching of manganese oxide with hydrochloric acid and willow bark using design expert method

Document Type : Original Research Paper

Authors

¹ Department of Mining Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran

² Mining Engineering, Amirkabir university of technology, tehran, iran

10.22111/jesm.2025.51983.1023

Abstract

Manganese is widely used in various industries, including metal alloys, batteries, pigments, glass, ceramics, and the production of cast iron and stainless steel. Leaching is an essential process in mineral processing, which, according to the Pourbaix diagram, should be carried out under acidic and reducing conditions. Different types of reducing agents have been employed for manganese ore leaching, classified into three main categories: chemical reductants, plant-based reductants, and microorganisms. In this study, a manganese concentrate (MnO: 39.76%) was obtained from the Cheragah Amir Tabriz deposit using a shaking table Device. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analyses of the concentrate showed that the MnO, CaO, and SiO2 contents were 38.9%, 28.9%, and 4.77%, respectively. The major mineral phases identified in the concentrate were pyrolusite, calcite, and silica. Willow bark was used as a natural reducing agent, and hydrochloric acid was applied as a leaching agent. The effects of key process parameters, including hydrochloric acid concentration, reducing agent dosage, leaching time, and temperature, were systematically investigated. Under the optimal conditions—0.5 M hydrochloric acid concentration, 5 g willow bark, 4 hours of leaching time and a temperature of 75°C—the manganese dissolution efficiency reached 97.06%.

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